The True Classic of Perfect Emptiness (Chongxu Zhenjing) is the Liezi, written by Lie Yukou of the Warring States period. In the first year of the Tianbao era (742), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty issued an edict conferring on Liezi the title “Perfected of Perfect Emptiness” (Chongxu Zhenren) and honoring his book as the True Classic of Perfect Emptiness. Taoism reveres it as one of the true classics of the “Four Masters.” The book consists mostly of parables and stories, and its main purpose is to promote the Taoist ideas of clear emptiness and non-action (wuwei).